Question of the Environment & Ecology

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Environment & Ecology QUESTION

India has recently taken measures to stop bottom trawling. Which of the following statements

correctly explains the term ‘Bottom Trawling’?

a) It is process of mining polymetallic nodules from the sea floor.

b) It is an industrial fishing method where a large net with heavy weights is dragged across

the seafloor.

c) It is the use of submarine boats for fishing in Deep Ocean.

d) It refers to oil drilling in Deep Ocean in an EEZ.

Solution (b)

India on Saturday informed Sri Lanka that it has taken measures to stop bottom trawling by its

fishermen in the waters near the Sri Lankan coastline.

Bottom Trawling

• It is an ecologically destructive practice, involves trawlers dragging weighted nets along

the sea-floor, causing great depletion of aquatic resources.

• The net is spread along the sea-floor to catch shrimp and fish like halibut and sole;

however, bottom trawling also captures juvenile fish, thus exhausting the ocean’s

resources and affecting marine conservation efforts.

Consider the following statements regarding different maritime boundaries under United

Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS):

1. The territorial boundary of a country exists up to 12 km from the edge of a continent.

2. Up to 24 nautical mile from the coast the zone is called Contiguous Zone.

3. From the edge of the coast to 200 nautical mile, the zone is called Special Economic Zone.

Which of the above statements are NOT correct?

a) 1 and 2

b) 2 only

c) 1 and 3

d) 3 only

Solution (c) The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS ), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty , is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982. The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. The Convention, concluded in 1982, replaced four 1958 treaties. UNCLOS came into force in 1994, a year after Guyana became the 60th nation to ratify the treaty. As of June 2016, 167 countries and the European Union have joined in the Convention

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